Papilla

The papilla (plural: papillae) is the small triangular point of gum that fills the space between two adjacent teeth at the gum line. In a healthy mouth with natural teeth, papillae are present and give the gum line its characteristic scalloped appearance.

Why papillae matter for implants

When a tooth is lost, the papilla beside it often recedes or disappears. Recreating a natural papilla around an implant is one of the most challenging aspects of aesthetic implant dentistry. The presence of bone at the contact point between adjacent teeth is the primary determinant of whether a papilla will form.

Black triangles

If a papilla is absent or incomplete, a visible dark triangular space appears between the implant crown and adjacent tooth — called a "black triangle." This is one of the most common aesthetic concerns following implant treatment, particularly in the upper front teeth. Bone loss, previous gum disease, or crown shape can all contribute.

Managing expectations

It is not always possible to fully recreate a natural papilla — particularly when there has been significant bone loss or previous periodontal disease. Your clinician will discuss realistic expectations at your consultation.