Gum Disease

Gum disease (periodontal disease) is a bacterial infection that destroys the soft tissue and bone supporting teeth. It is the leading cause of adult tooth loss in the UK and a significant risk factor for implant complications.

Stages

• Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gum only — reversible with improved cleaning. Symptoms include red, swollen, bleeding gums.
• Periodontitis: Infection has spread to the bone. Pockets form between teeth and gum; bone is gradually destroyed. Teeth may become loose. Not fully reversible but can be stabilised with treatment.

Why it matters for implants

Active gum disease must be treated and stabilised before implants are considered. Patients with a history of periodontitis have a significantly higher risk of peri-implantitis — the same infectious process affecting implants — and require more intensive long-term maintenance.

Peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis is infection around an implant, causing progressive bone loss. It is the leading cause of late implant failure. Risk factors include: poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, and history of periodontitis. It is largely preventable with excellent daily hygiene and regular professional maintenance.

Treatment

Mild peri-implantitis can often be treated non-surgically with professional cleaning and improved home care. Advanced cases may require surgical intervention to remove infected tissue and regenerate lost bone.