Maxilla

The maxilla is the upper jaw — a fixed bone that forms the roof of the mouth, the floor of the nose, and holds the upper teeth. Implant treatment in the maxilla presents different challenges to the lower jaw.

Anatomical considerations

• Maxillary sinuses: Large air-filled cavities that sit above the upper back teeth and limit vertical bone height — often requiring sinus lift procedures
• Lower bone density: Upper jaw bone is typically less dense than lower jaw, which can slow osseointegration and reduce primary stability
• More pronounced bone resorption: After tooth loss, the upper jaw resorbs inward (palatally) and vertically — making ridge preservation important
• Nasal floor: In the upper front, the floor of the nose limits bone height for very anterior implants

Aesthetic importance

The upper jaw is the most aesthetically significant area for most patients. Upper front teeth are the most visible, and any discrepancy in crown shape, shade, or gum appearance is immediately apparent. Work in this area requires the most meticulous planning and execution.