Torque

Torque, measured in Newton centimetres (Ncm), is the rotational force applied when placing an implant or tightening a screw component. It is clinically important at two stages: during implant placement (insertion torque) and when securing abutment or crown screws.

Insertion torque

The torque required to drive an implant to its final position reflects the density and engagement of the surrounding bone. High insertion torque (above 35–45 Ncm) generally indicates good primary stability and may allow immediate loading. Very high torque (above 70 Ncm) can generate excessive pressure on the bone and may paradoxically impair healing.

Abutment and screw tightening

Abutment screws must be tightened to a specific torque value (specified by the implant manufacturer, typically 25–35 Ncm) using a calibrated torque wrench. Under-tightening leads to screw loosening; over-tightening can fracture the screw. This is why implant components should only be handled by trained professionals with appropriate instruments.